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Bible Book: Exodus
Bible Book Code: 0200201502
Scene no: 1 of 4

Bible Reference & Cartoon Description

Exodus 2:15a (ANIV)
When Pharaoh heard of this, he tried to kill Moses, but Moses fled from Pharaoh and went to live in Midian, [where he sat down by a well.]

DRAWING NOTES:

TIME OF DAY:
I imagine Moses would have wanted to escape Pharaoh and his soldiers as soon as possible, so I have set this scene just after dawn.

LIGHTING NOTES:
The rising sun is in the east, which is behind the viewer and to the right.
Low shadows from the hills Moses and the camel train are walking up are falling away onto the Nile plain behind them. Sunlight can be seen in the distant landscape, particularly on the city of Akhetaten, on the banks of the Nile river. Strong sunlight and shadow can be seen on the foreground figures, camels and rocks.

CHARACTERS PRESENT:
Moses, paying a man to travel with him and his camel train to Midian. Various men and camels.
Pharaoh’s soldiers and chariot.
Common swift (Apus apus)
Dung beetle (Scarabaeus sacer)
Dromedary, or one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

RESEARCH/ADDITIONAL NOTES:
There are two versions of this scene:
01) (Previous page) Exodus 02 – Moses flees to Midian – Scene 01 – Leaving home (Yellow sky)

02) (This page) Exodus 02 – Moses flees to Midian – Scene 01 – Leaving home (Blue sky)
The only difference between the two scenes is the colour of the sky.

I thought I would draw a couple of Bible Cartoons depicting Moses hurriedly leaving Egypt. Verse 15 informs us that Pharaoh tried to kill Moses, which is obviously the cause for Moses’ hurried departure from that land!

You can see Moses still in his Egyptian robes, walking alongside men and camels heading out of Egypt. Moses is paying a man to let him travel with the camel train. Notice that I have drawn Moses covered up with a drab looking blanket, in an attempt to avoid Pharaoh’s soldiers, who are looking for him. You may just be able to make out a chariot and spear-carrying soldiers in the middle distance, behind the camel train, heading back towards the city. That is my way of visually depicting the fact that Moses has managed to elude Pharaoh’s soldiers and make good his escape!

Here is the scene without the figures, but including the dark hill/mountain shadows in the middle distance.

Background of Exodus 02 – Moses flees to Midian – Scene 01 – Leaving home (Blue sky)

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Background of Exodus 02 – Moses flees to Midian – Scene 01 – Leaving home (Blue sky)

The map below shows 2 possible routes Moses may have taken out of Egypt and towards the land of Midian.

Map of Sinai Peninsula showing Moses’ routes out of Egypt to the land of Midian

Link to related Map
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A note about Moses beard
If you look at previous scenes of the early life of Moses, I have drawn him without a beard. This represents his youth, and the culture of the Egyptians at the time. Although Moses was about 40 years old when he left Egypt, and therefore quite capable of growing a beard, I have drawn him without one.

If you look carefully at my depiction of Moses in this scene, you may just be able to make out that I have drawn him with “5 o’clock shadow” or the first signs of stubble on his chin. I reason that Moses wanted to disguise himself from Pharaoh’s guards and soldiers, who we know wanted to kill him, and so allowing his beard to grow might provide Moses with that disguise. Incidentally, I have drawn Moses with a blanket over his Egyptian clothes, as part of his hastily contrived disguise!

In the scenes I have already drawn showing Moses in Midian (ie the set of Bible Cartoons entitled “Exodus 03-04 – Burning Bush”) I have drawn Moses with a full beard. In these scenes he has his characteristic Hebrew inner and outer blue robes.

Elements in the scene: Exodus 02 - Moses flees to Midian - Scene 01 - Leaving home

Animals in this scene
The most noticeable animal in this scene is a bright blue Dung beetle (Scarabaeus sacer) in the left foreground. The ancient Egyptians used symbols in their art and religion. The common scarab beetle, found all over ancient Egypt, was one such venerated animal, symbolizing the restoration of life.

“Dung beetles are usually round with short wing covers (elytra) that expose the end of the abdomen. They vary in size from 5 to 30 mm (0.2 to about 1.2 inches) and are usually dark in colour, although some have a metallic lustre. The sacred scarab of ancient Egypt (Scarabaeus sacer), found in many paintings and jewelry, is a dung beetle. Egyptian cosmogony includes the scarab beetle rolling its ball of dung with the ball representing the Earth and the beetle the Sun. The six legs, each with five segments (total 30), represent the 30 days of each month (actually, this species has only four segments per leg, but closely related ones do have five).”
{Source: https://www.britannica.com/animal/dung-beetle#ref261220]

The birds in this scene are Common swift (Apus apus), which I thought would be an appropriate metaphor representing Moses’ rapid exit from Egypt!

The other animals are dromedaries, or one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius), which are found throughout the Middle east and the horn of Africa. They are used to great effect as beasts of burden, and have served mankind for thousands of years.

When and where did Moses live in Egypt?
I started to read articles to answer the questions of when Moses left Egypt and where he was living at the time. Here’s my sequence of events leading to the photographs I have used for this scene:

01) I did a Google search for “what Egyptian dynasty did Moses live in?” That lead me to this article:

http://www.biblearchaeology.org/post/2009/02/27/Moses-and-Hatshepsut.aspx#Article

It is fascinating reading about scholars’ attempts to uncover the facts regarding this era. Apparently there are 2 schools of though about when Moses lived in Egypt. Some say it was the first half of the 13th Century BC. Others propose the 15th Centruy BC; the author of the article above favours the latter.

02) Reading this article lead me to the sub-section entitled “Queen Hatshepsut of Dynasty 18. Was she Pharaoh’s daughter? D. Hansen.”

According to mr. Hansen, Hatshepsut of Dynasty 18 may very well have been “Pharaoh’s daughter”, mentioned in Exodus 2:5.

Then it was a quick look to find the dates for Dynasty 18, which was c. 1353 BC – c. 1332 BC. So if you believe the evidence supports the Dynasty 18 date, then we have our date of WHEN Moses lived in Egypt.

03) I started to research where the capital city of Dynasty 18 was, which lead me to read:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Egypt

This informed me that Akhetaten was the capital city of Dynasty 18.

04) I used Google Earth to find Akhetaten, which is now called Tell el Amarna in Egypt. I found a variety of photo images from the surrounding area that helped me to design this scene of Moses leaving his home city in Egypt.

Google Earth helped me to see that the city of Akhetaten was built near the Nile River, as many of the capital cities of Egypt were. Indeed, much of the population lived very close to that river. In my picture you can see the city near the horizon, on the left. The Nile (with several boats on it) can be seen just behind the city as a turquoise coloured strip.
I also discovered that there are hills to the east of Akhetaten, which is what you can see Moses and the camel train walking up. They strong sunlight from the rising dawn sun is just catching the edges of the figures and camels, as they approach the summit of the first line of hills.

Where was Midian?
In order to find out where Moses went to, after he left Egypt (ie Midian) I started to read articles and commentaries describing that county. In fact, it turns out that Midian is a rather difficult place to pin down geographically! Here are two quotes from commentaries regarding Midian:

“No boundaries can now be assigned to “the land of Midian.” It included territory on the West as well as on the East of the Gulf of `Aqaba (Exodus 4:19). It lay between Edom and Paran (1 Kings 11:18). In the time of the Judges their district seems to have extended northward to the East of Gilead (Judges 8:10).
A trace of the ancient name is found in that of Madyah, a place mentioned by the Arabic geographers, with a plentiful supply of water, now called Maghair Sho`aib. It lies East of the Gulf of `Aqaba, some miles from the coast, almost opposite the point of the Sinaitic peninsula. The name Sho`aib, given by Mohammed to Jethro, may here be due to ancient Midianite tradition.”
[Source: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]

“Midian Mid’ian (strife), a son of Abraham and Keturah, Gene 25:2; 1 Chr 1:32 progenitor of the Midianites, or Arabians dwelling principally in the desert north of the peninsula of Arabia. Southward they extended along the eastern shore of the Gulf of Eyleh (Sinus Ælaniticus); and northward they stretched along the eastern frontier of Palestine. The “land of Midian,” the place to which Moses fled after having killed the Egyptian, Exod 2:15, 21 or the portion of it specially referred to, was probably the peninsula of Sinai.”
[Source: Smith’s Bible Dictionary]

As with many places named in the Bible, the exact location of the “land of Midian” seems to be uncertain. Over time the boundaries of the “land of Midian” may well have been re-drawn (if they ever were formalised by a map!) especially since the area of the Middle East has undergone many major and minor political boundary changes over the long course of its history.

We know from Exodus 3:1 that Moses was tending his father-in-law Jethro’s sheep near Herob, the mountain of God (aka Mt. Sinai). We can reason that Moses went from Egypt to the “land of Midian”, and that this place was either 01) part of the northwest Arabian Peninsula, on the east shore of the Gulf of Aqaba on the Red Sea, or else 02) on the eastern edge of the Sinai Peninsula. Indeed, it is entirely possible that Moses went to the first, then moved around with the flocks, and came to the mountain of God in the 2nd, at a later date. This is quite possible since we know ancient shepherds moved their flocks and herds around constantly looking for better pastures.

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Bible Doctrine Notes
2:11-15 CHRISTIAN ETHICS, Justice (4.42B)
Injustice surrounds us daily. Often, when we take matters into our own hands, we only compound injustice rather than righting it. Murder is never the right way to deal with injustice. We must seek God’s path towards real, divinely inspired justice.